![]() Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: patterns of neurological deficit and recovery after anterior cervical decompression. 1993 37:223-8.Ĭhiles BW, Leonard MA, Choudhri HF, Cooper PR. Cord diameters and their significance in prognostication and decisions about management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: surgical results and factors affecting prognosis. Naderi S, Ozgen S, Pamir MN, Ozek MM, Erzen C. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Health Professions Division, 1996: 559–69. Corpectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Myelopathy due to cervical spondylosis treated by collar immobilization. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: functional and radiographic long-term outcome after laminectomy and posterior fusion. Kumar VG, Rea GL, Mervis LJ, McGregor JM. Post-operative computed myelography and MR imaging. Identifiable causes for poor outcome in surgery for cervical spondylosis. ![]() 1992 32:389-95.Ĭlifton AG, Stevens JM, Whitear P, Kendall BE. Somatosensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. ![]() 11 The pancakelike transverse band pattern of enhancement in spondylotic myelopathy was not found among 136 patients with alternative myelopathies. Restuccia D, Di Lazzaro V, Lo Monaco M, Evoli A, Valeriani M, Tonali P. The rim-and-flame sign each individually had a specificity of 97, and when both were present concurrently, the specificity was 100 vs primary spinal cord tumors. Radiological evaluation of cervical spondylotic disease: limitation of magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis and preoperative assessment. Myelopathic cervical spondylotic lesions demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. 1991 16:1353-5.Īl-Mefty O, Harkey LH, Middleton TH, Smith RR, Fox JL. Early diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Hyperactive pectoralis reflex as an indicator of upper cervical spinal cord compression. Watson JC, Broaddus WC, Smith MM, Kubal WS. The neurological manifestations of cervical spondylosis. New York:McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division, 1993:1100–1.īrain NR, Northfield D, Wilkinson M. Diseases of the spinal cord, peripheral nerve and muscle. Lower cervical spondylosis and myelopathy in adults with Down's syndrome. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Health Professions Division, 1996:547–57. Natural history and nonoperative management of cervical spondylosis. The pathology of spinal cord lesions and their relationship to the clinical features in protrusion of cervical intervertebral discs: a report of four cases. Discussion on rupture of the intervertebral disc in the cervical region. CT myelographic findings in degenerative disorders of the cervical spine: clinical significance. Penning L, Wilmink JT, van Woerden HH, Knole E. The morbid anatomy of cervical spondylosis and myelopathy. A review of the pathophysiology of cervical spondylotic myelopathy with insights for potential novel mechanisms drawn from traumatic spinal cord injury. A prospective survey of the causes of nontraumatic spastic parapesis and a tetraparapesis in 585 patients. Additional studies are needed, both mechanistic and clinical, to better understand optimal stimulation strategies for different neuropathic conditions, improve patient selection and optimize efficacy.Ĭomplex regional pain syndromes low back pain pain syndromes postoperative pain regional complex spinal cord stimulation.Moore AP, Blumhardt LD. Novel, non-standard, stimulation waveforms such as high-frequency and burst have been shown in some studies to be clinically superior to conventional SCS, however their mechanisms of action remain to be determined. Although potentiation of inhibition, as suggested by Wall and Melzack's gate control theory, continues to be the leading explanatory model, other segmental and supraspinal mechanisms have been described. Conventional SCS is believed mediate pain relief via activation of dorsal column Aβ fibers, resulting in variable effects on sensory and pain thresholds, and measurable alterations in higher order cortical processing. SCS is a safe and effective alternative to medications such as opioids, and multiple randomized controlled studies have demonstrated efficacy for difficult-to-treat neuropathic conditions such as failed back surgery syndrome. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a minimally invasive therapy used for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
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